In Washington State, medical waste—referred to as “biomedical waste” or “dangerous waste”—is regulated by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) under the Dangerous Waste Regulations (Chapter 173-303 WAC). These regulations align with federal standards set by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and include additional state-specific requirements.

Definition and Classification of Medical Waste

Under Washington law, biomedical waste encompasses materials generated during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals, as well as related research activities. This includes, but is not limited to:

Sharps (e.g., needles, syringes, scalpel blades)
Pathological waste (e.g., human tissues, organs)
Blood and blood products
Cultures and stocks of infectious agents
Contaminated materials

These wastes are classified as “dangerous waste” if they exhibit characteristics such as ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity, or if they are specifically listed in the regulations. Healthcare facilities must determine whether their waste meets these criteria and manages it accordingly.

Storage Requirements

Facilities generating biomedical waste must adhere to strict storage protocols to prevent environmental contamination and ensure public safety:

Containment: Waste must be stored in containers that are leak-proof, puncture-resistant, and compatible with the waste type.
Labeling: Containers must be clearly marked with the words “Dangerous Waste” or “Hazardous Waste,” along with the accumulation start date.
Temperature Control: While specific temperature requirements are not detailed in the state regulations, facilities must ensure that waste does not become putrescent. This may necessitate refrigeration, especially if waste is stored for extended periods.
Time Limits: The accumulation of dangerous waste is subject to time restrictions based on the generator’s status:
- Large Quantity Generators (LQGs): May accumulate waste on-site for up to 90 days without a permit.
- Small Quantity Generators (SQGs): May accumulate waste on-site for up to 180 days (or 270 days if the waste must be transported over 200 miles) without a permit.

Facilities must also implement measures to prevent unauthorized access to storage areas and protect against environmental factors.

Transportation and Disposal

Transportation of biomedical waste must comply with both state and federal regulations:

Transporters: Must be registered with the Department of Ecology and comply with Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations.
Manifests: A Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest is required for tracking the movement of dangerous waste from the point of generation to the disposal facility.
Treatment and Disposal: Biomedical waste must be treated to eliminate its hazardous characteristics before disposal. Acceptable treatment methods include incineration, autoclaving, or chemical disinfection, depending on the waste type. Treated waste may then be disposed of in a permitted solid waste facility.

Regulatory Oversight and Resources

The Washington State Department of Ecology oversees the management of dangerous waste, including biomedical waste. Facilities can access guidance, forms, and additional resources through the following:

Washington State Department of Ecology – Dangerous Waste
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) Chapter 173-303 – Dangerous Waste Regulations
Revised Code of Washington (RCW) Chapter 70A.228 – Biomedical Waste

Facilities are encouraged to consult these resources to ensure compliance with all applicable regulations.

For comprehensive management of biomedical waste, healthcare facilities should develop and implement a waste management plan that includes waste identification, handling procedures, employee training, emergency response, and recordkeeping. Regular audits and updates to the plan can help maintain compliance and protect public health and the environment.

All medical waste generators in Washington are responsible for maintaining compliance with local, state, and federal regulations governing the management, storage, treatment, and disposal of medical waste. This content is provided for general informational purposes only and is intended as a high-level overview. For the most current and detailed requirements, please refer to the applicable regulatory authority in your jurisdiction.